A common misconception is that the ocean is blue due to the  reflections from the sky on its surface. This is not true, but was believed to be so decades ago. The real reason the ocean is blue is because water, pure water, is blue.    Yes, according to its frequency spectra, water is a very light shade of turquoise blue. But you need a huge amount of it to really see its color.   It’s like a teaspoon of oil, it looks transparent on a white spoon, but in the bottle looks yellowish. If the ocean owed its color to the sky, it would be a different shade of blue and it would be white on cloudy days.  You can see clouds reflected in the surface on the sea, but they don’t completely change its color. Some constituents of sea water can influence the shade of blue you see in the ocean.  This is why it can look greener or bluer in different areas.  Swimming pools with white bottom, would have water that look transparent not turquoise blue, as it is observed even in indoor pools, where there’s no sky to be reflected.   The scientific explanation involves the theory of radiative transfer (absorption and scattering), and the material's electromagnetic spectrum.

I asked Prof. Bob Stewart from Texas A&M to explain this in simple words so even kids could understand it, and below is his response. Why is the ocean blue? The ocean is blue because it absorbs all the other colors. The only color left to reflect out of the ocean is blue. Here is what happens: Sunlight shines on the ocean, and all the colors of the rainbow go into the water. Red, yellow, green, and blue all go into the sea. Then, the sea absorbs the red, yellow,  and green light, leaving the blue light.  Some of the blue light scatters off water molecules, and the scattered blue light comes back out of the sea. This is the blue you see. Regards, Bob Stewart

Observe how difference is the tone of blue of the water and how it varies according to reef and algae content.  See more photos below.

Robert Stewart, Professor Room624O&MBuilding Department of OceanographyPhone:(979) 845 2995 TexasA&MUniversity/\|| |\/|

Note in this picture above and the one on the very top, show the color of the ocean changes as the depth changes.  The deeper it gets, the larger the concentration of water molecules and therefore it's easier to see it real color. The color of the sky, on the other hand, its due to Rayleigh scattering of light of higher frequencies on the visible spectrum, i.e., blue-violet or indigo color, which is very different to the turquoise color of pure water.

Ice is also blue.  This is easily observable below where the ice is not dirty and it's more dense it looks turquoise.

Why is water blue?

Water is faint blue. Although water appears clear in small quantities (like a glass of water), the blue color becomes visible the more water we look through. Thus, deep lakes and seas are bluer than a shallow river.

Other factors can affect the color we see:
1. Particles and solutes can absorb light, as in tea or coffee.
Green algae in rivers and streams often lend a blue-green
color. The red sea has occasional blooms of red Trichodesmiumerythraeum algae.

2. Particles in water can scatter light.  The Colorado riveris often muddy red because of suspended
reddish silt in the water. Some mountain lakes and streams with finely gound rock, such as glacial
flour, are tourquise.  Light scattering by suspended matter is required in order that the blue light
produced by water's absorption can return to the surface and be observed.  Such scattering can
also shift the spectrum of the emerging photons toward the green, a color often seen when water
laden with suspended particles is observed.

3. The surface of seas and lakes often reflect blue skylight, making them appear bluer. [[[ Montana
reflection.]]]  The relative contribution of reflected skylight and the light scattered back from the
depths is strongly dependent on observation angle.